Inheritance
"... Oh, yeah, great Uncle Bloodworth even sailed across the Atlantic with Mark Twain. Then when he died, he left a million dollars to the American Bible Society."
I enjoy genealogical research. My particular interest is scouting out the stories about my ancestors. I was disappointed that the early rumor Susan B. Anthony was a great Aunt of mine can't be substantiated. (My ancestor, Elizabeth Anthony, came from the same general area and it's possible that she was a distant relation, but nothing I've been able to confirm.) Civil War stories interest me and we have several good ones that go beyond the stereotype of brother against brother, although we have that, too. My people at least for the past 200 years have been hard-working dirt poor farmers in the hills of Tennessee and Arkansas. Not a decent horsethief in the lot to liven up the telling.
So when I get together with other genealogical enthusiasts, I'm fascinated by the stories they've uncovered in the search for our roots. The above quote is from a particularly wonderful tale of a rascally fellow who wrote abominable poetry and engaged in criminal self-promotion. He even erected a memorial to his mother on which his own name appears in letters more than twice as large as hers. He had sufficient wealth to support his eccentric lifestyle and then some. But when he died, the disappointed family learned that he'd betrayed them one more time on the altar of self-conceit.
The gift of a million dollars would raise eyebrows in contemporary America where homes that cost a quarter million dollars are common to every community. Over one hundred years ago that was an astronomical and shocking amount. I wonder if Uncle Bloodworth paused to consider the financial advice of the Bible his gift would pay to print and distribute. The Bible has so much to say about money and our relationship to our money the number of verses that discuss financial principles outnumber the verses on faith and prayer combined.
Obviously, it would be impossible to discuss every bit of financial advice and monetary ethic covered by the 66 documents that comprise the Protestant Bible. Even the subject of inheritance is broad, but I think I can hit the high points. First of all the purpose of a monetary inheritance is provision for family. The contemporary notion that my money is my own and I can do with it as I please, is completely absent from any Biblical text on the subject. A father is not allowed to spend his son's inheritance. Further according to the Talmud, a will that is written contrary to the Torah (law as found in Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy) is void. For example, "If a man declared, "so and so is my son" but shall not inherit an equal portion with his brothers, his words have no force because he made a provision contrary to Torah. Son and daughter are alike except that if a son is first-born he may have a double portion of the father's estate." This double portion is not for the purpose of showing favor to the eldest, but because the eldest is required to assume responsibility for the well-being of the extended family and will need extra resources for the task.
An inheritance is to be considered the family reserve to care for the sick and the elderly. Scripture severely condemns the man who fails to provide for this function. "if anyone does not provide for his own, and especially for those of his household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an infidel." "those of his household" in the context of the time not only refers to extended family, but also servants and employees dependent upon the head of the house for their livelihood and sustenance.
The second purpose for an inheritance is to ensure that the family will have a home. "House and riches are the inheritance of fathers, and a prudent wife is from the Lord." Yesterday, I wrote about my neighbors who set the example that "the money isn't the point." One of their goals for accumulating money was to assist the children in the purchase of a first home. Many young couples today begin their marriage with a crushing load of debt from student loans and mortgages even if they have been able to avoid the trap of consumer debt. The Bible warns against the brutal slavery of debt and has harsh words for anyone who could prevent a family member entering into debt for the necessities of life but chooses not to assist in providing for those needs. Can you imagine the difference to our lives if we didn't have to face that 30 year mortgage?
Wealth is to be used for education and family business. Schools certainly existed in New Testament times and history teaches that the overwhelming majority of Jewish boys from about 400 BC attended school until at least age 12. However, from the beginning to the end, the Bible places primary responsibility for educating children on the family. It is parents who begin the process of instructing children and who are held accountible for overseeing the work of qualified teachers to whom they may delegate the task. Family industry is encouraged in Biblical texts with the accumulated wealth distributed in the manner practiced by my neighbor's children. Each "employee" has a wage to meet his or her needs, but the excess is to be used in a manner agreed upon by all.
In the Bible there are no aid socieities, no charitable donations, and no welfare. The family is the social unit given responsibility for providing idustry, employment, and assistance to those in the community who have needs. It occurs to me that under this system we would develop a strong sense of both compassion and justice. You develop compassion when you help the one in need, but you don't pay for his luxury at the expense of your children's need. Our culture has certainly changed over the course of 1900 years since the canon of Scripture was completed, but some things have not changed. It is far easier to write a check (or assume someone else will) than to act directly on social ills. The single exception I can find to this rule is the operation of the early churches as described in the book of Acts. One of the persecutions described against early Christians is economic. They lost their jobs. Sister churches sent monetary and other provision to the congregations who had more needy than they could handle from their meager resources.
Uncle Bloodworth may have had admirable motives although I'm tempted to speculate that he hoped his large gift would buy him a place in heaven. Jesus condemned the religious man who said to his family, "Anything of mine you might have been helped by, I've given to God ... thus you invalidate the word of God for the sake of your tradition, you are hypocrites. Rightly did Isaiah prophecy against you saying, 'This people honors me with their lips but their heart is far from me. In vain do they worship me, teaching as doctrines the precepts of men.' ... Then the disciples came to him and said, "Did you know those religious guys were offended by what you said?" and Jesus responded, "every plant that my father did not plant shall be rooted up. Leave them alone, they are blind guides of the blind and if a blind man guides a blind man they shall both fall into a pit."
I know Christians who dream of doing great works for the Lord. They would love to be in Uncle Bloodworth's position and to give large sums of money to the "Lord's work." I imagine that the Lord feels about them the way I do when I ask my children to do a small simple task, and they try to please me by doing a large and complicated one instead. I try to appreciate their motivations, but I'd have been happier if they'd resisted the urge to make French Toast in the pop-up toaster.
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